新編大學本科俄語第4冊

A. 高分求新編大學英語 第4冊 視聽說教程原文和答案

Text
Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying? Why do people like to complain about work? Find the answers to question like these in the following essay.

WHY PEOPLE WORK

Leonard R. Sayles
Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness sand contentment. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life -- the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't wait for my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today," "My boss treats me poorly," "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do it." Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the indivial's happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.
Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one's potential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing effect. A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing workshops wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" instry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work outside.
And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the "What do I do with myself?" question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many indivials deteriorate rapidly when jobless.
But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.

Pride in Accomplishment
The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.
It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the proct of his personal skill.
But even where there is no obvious end proct that is solely attributable to one person's skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people -- and thus accomplishing good deal.
We're often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work; deep down most people regard their won capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality. Complaining is just part of working After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control you limbs ad hands and words? You are, in significant measure, what you can do.
Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.
Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day. Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.
But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place "out in the world," with an through other people.

Esprit de corps
Perhasps an example will make the point:
I remember viewing a half dozen me in a chair factory whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. While there were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together, one in particular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts. The men knew they were good. They would work spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break -- to show themselves, bystanders and other groups what it was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled, to be the best in the factory.
When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.
One further word about work group satisfactions. Unlike may other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is not to say there aren't arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the "rough edges" are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.
Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is though of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly, even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a "winner," a prestigious institution. We in truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution, and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.

New Words
contentment
n. happiness; satisfaction 滿足

civilization
n. 文明

intangible
a. that can not be touched or grasped 觸摸不到的

crucial
a. decisive; critical 決定性的，關鍵的

pschological
a. of the soul or mind 心理的

historically
ad. in the course of history, in accordance with or in respect to history

associate
vt. connect or bring together in one's mind 聯想

slavery
n. the system of having slaves; the condition of being a slave 奴隸制度；奴隸身份

sin
n. behavior that is against the principles of morality; an immoral act 罪孽

punishment
n. punishing or being punished 懲罰

complaint
n. complaining; a statement expressing unhappiness, pain, dissatisfaction 抱怨

behavioral
a. of or having to do with behavior 行為的
contribution
n. act of contributing; sth. contributed

necessity
n. sth. that is necessary; the condition of being necessary, needed or unavoidable 必需品；必要性

focus
n. the central point; centre of interest 焦點

creativity
n. the ability to proce new and orignal ideas and things; inventiveness創造性

clinic
n. building or part of a hospital where doctors give specialized medical treatment and advice; a medical institution for special purposes 診所

heal
v. (cause to) become healthy 治癒，癒合，痊癒

depressed
a. sad; low in spirits 精神抑鬱的，情緒沮喪的

depress
vt. make sad, low in spirits

renew
vt. reestablish; give new life and freshness to 使更新

gainfully
ad. profitably

acute
a. severe; strong 嚴重的，急性的

symptom
a. a change in the body's condition that indicates illness 症狀

institution
n. a society, club, college or any organization established for some public or social purpose 公共機構

workshop
n. a room of building which contains tools or machinery for making or repairing things 車間，工場

wherein
conj. in which

exert
vt. use(strength, skill, etc.) 盡力

reverse
n. the opposite; the other way round, the back 相反，背面

absence
n. non-existence; lack

retirement
n. instance of retiring or being retired; condition of being retired 退休

financial
a. relating to money 財政的；金融的

weekend
n. Saturday and Sunday, esp. when considered as a holiday from work

fend
vi. provide(for) 供養；照料

unemployment
n. the state of being unemployed

significant
a. of noticeable importance or effect 重大的

significance n.

satisfaction
n. be state of being satisfied 滿足

satisfactory a.

accomplished
a. skilled, expert 有才藝的；有造詣的

tribute
n. material evidence of one's worth, virtue, etc.

inherent
a. existing as a natural and permanent part or quality of 內在的，生來的

craftsman
n. a highly skilled workman 手藝人，（名）工匠

bicklayer
n. a workman who builds with bricks

attributable
a. that can be attributed 可歸因於……的

attribute
vt. 把……歸因為

housekeeping
n. management of a home and its affairs 家政

staff
n. the group of workers who carry on a job （全體）員工

capacity
n. ability, power; the amount that sth. can hold or proce 能力；容量

tough
a. difficult to do or deal with 艱巨的

unique
n. being the only one of its type 獨特的

limb
n. the leg, arm. or wing of an animal 肢，翼

opposite
n. a person or thing that is entirely different from another 對立面，對立物

countless
a. very many; too many to be counted

broker
n. person who buys and sells for others 經紀人，掮客

stock broker
n. a person who buys and sells stocks and bonds for other for a commission 證券經紀人

representative
n. a person acting in place of one or more others 代表

interact
vi. act on each other 相互作用

persistence
n. the act or fact of keeping on doing sth in spite of difficulty or opposition 堅持

persist vi.

distinctive
a. clearly marking a person or thing as different from other 特殊的；與眾不同的

mightily
ad. with power and strength; greatly

esprit de corps
n. (French) spirit of loyalty and devotion which unites the members of a group or society 團體精神，集體榮譽感

coordination
n. harmonious adjustment or working together 協調

coordinate vt.

lightning
閃電

bystander
n. a person standing near but not taking part in an event or activity; onlooker 旁觀者

superbly
ad. magnificently; first class

aspect
n. one side or view of a subject 方面

relationship
n. a friendship between people; connection 關系

disclose
make known; show by uncovering 揭示

sporadic
a. occurring now and then; occasional 零星發生的,偶爾的

collectivity
n. people collectively, especially as forming a community or state 集體

collective a.

status
n. (high) social or professional position 地位,身份

envy
vt. feel admiration or ill-will toward (sb.) because he has the good fortune one wishes to have 羨慕;妒忌

winner
n. one that wins or seems destined to win or be successful

prestigious
a. having respect that results from the good reputation (of a person, nation, etc.)有聲望的

bask
vi. sit or lie in enjoyable warmth and light (舒適地) 取暖,享受

reflect
vt. throw back (light, heat, sound or image) 反射;反映

assert
vt. demonstrate the existence of; declare forcefully 宣稱,斷言

membership
n. the state of being a member, of a club, society, etc. all the members of a club, society, etc.

Phrases & Expressions
associate with
connect with (often mentally) 把…與…聯系在一起

rather than
instead of

fend for oneself
look after oneself 照料自己，自行謀生

aside from
besides, apart from 除…以外

long for
desire (to have )sth. strongly 渴望

take pride in
fell please and happy because of 為…而感到得意

store up
put away for future use 儲存，儲備

pride oneself on
regard as a special reason for pride or satisfaction 以……自豪

make the/one's point
prove that sth. is true 證明一個論點

in particular
especially

at work
busy at a job; doing work

one the whole
considering everything; in general

work off
get rid of, dispose 除去，清除

B. 求：新編大學英語教程第四冊mp3

新編英語教程免費下載地址: http://cid-5baa401466ba7d95.skydrive.live.com/browse.aspx/.Public

C. 急求新東方大學俄語第四冊的課文翻譯和課後答案

這玩意兒哪有啊！不知道你要做什麼用，但是如果是學生，
我想說越困難才越能學到東西，捷徑是不存在的！
不要再多一個有教訓的人了！！

D. 大學俄語 學到第幾冊可以通過大學俄語四六級

俄語沒有專業六級！ 只有四八級。通常大二下學期考四級，大四下考八級。 也就是說大學俄語第二冊學完應該達到四級水平，都學完應該達到八級水平。

E. 趙秀美的《新編大學本科俄語》

《新編大學本科俄語》是一套供高等學校大學本科非俄語專業學生使用的教材。本套教材共4冊，可用於文理各專業本科基礎階段(280學時)俄語課教學。第一、二冊供高等學校本科生第一學年第一、二學期使用，第三、四冊供第二學年第三、四學期使用。
本書是依照2001年6月重新修訂的《大學俄語教學大綱》提出的要求編寫的，主要培養學生的閱讀理解能力，同時發展聽、說、寫、譯的能力。幫助學生掌握良好的語言學習方法，打下扎實的語言基礎，使他們能用俄語作為交際工具獲取專業所需的信息。
本書每冊各有12課(其中包括兩課復習課)。每課包含課文、課文注釋、生詞表、片語表、積極詞彙講解、課後作業、語法知識講解和語法練習等部分。其中課文為正、副兩篇，題材、體裁多樣。正課文(TekcTⅠ)為精讀文，用於課堂教學；副課文(TeKcTⅡ)配合正課文使用，可根據實際需要及課程進度選擇課上講解或交由學生課下完成、再在課上檢查學生對課文的理解兩種方式進行。目的在於鞏固正課文的內容，擴大詞彙量與閱讀量。課文II的選材力求與課文I在題材、體裁、詞彙、語法現象等方面保持一定聯系。 本書是依照2001年6月重新修訂的《大學俄語教學大綱》提出的要求編寫的，主要培養學生的閱讀理解能力，同時發展聽、說、寫、譯的能力。幫助學生掌握良好的語言學習方法，打下扎實的語言基礎，使他們能用俄語作為交際工具獲取專業所需的信息。

F. 請問學俄語用什麼教材比國較好

俄語入門（全三冊）
作者:
周鼎
外語教學與研究出版社
這本書是比較經典的俄語入門教材，很多俄語培訓班都使用這個教材。
外國語大學俄語專業的教材主要有：
大學俄語《東方》（全八冊）
北京外國語大學與莫斯科普希金俄語學院合作編寫
外語教學與研究出版社
供四年制本科俄語專業零起點學生使用。
新編俄語教程
上海外國語大學編寫
上海外語教育出版社
供四年制本科俄語專業零起點學生使用。
俄語
黑龍江大學俄語系
外語教學與研究出版社
供四年制本科俄語專業零起點學生使用。
這些教材主要注重語言文學，較偏重書面語言和文學語言，考專業四、八級都要學其中一種的（非俄語專業似乎不讓參加專業俄語考級）。
非專業和公共俄語教材主要有：
新編大學俄語基礎教程
作者：應雲天
高等教育出版社
理工院校的公共俄語課程一般用這個教材，考非專業四、六級用得上。

G. 求新編大學德語第二版2-4冊學生用書pdf

如果沒有找到相關教材，還是背背杜登德語辭典，這是死辦法。

H. 大學俄語第4冊第六課課文翻譯

I. 求大學俄語新東方版的4冊課後習題答案和課文翻譯

Урок 1 課文譯文

我叫瓦西里·尼古拉耶維奇，姓伊萬諾夫，已經年滿30歲了。我出生在莫斯科，一直在這兒居住。我七歲上學，從小對外語感興趣，因此中學畢業後考入大學語文系，學習英語、德語和法語。7年前我大學畢業進入一家大型貿易公司工作，公司名字叫「橋」。我當翻譯，把商務信函及各種文件從英語、德語、法語譯成俄語。
一年前我結了婚，妻子叫妮娜，比我小3歲，她是醫生。去年她從醫學院畢業，現在兒童醫院工作。妮娜熱愛自己的事業，工作起來興致勃勃。她歌唱得很好，嗓音很美，但不喜歡運動。我卻很喜歡運動，我喜歡的運動是游泳，每周兩次下班後去離家不遠的游泳館游泳。
周六、周日我們不上班。我們去看望我的父母（妮娜的父母住在聖彼得堡），有時去朋友家作客或邀請朋友們到家裡來。我們喜歡音樂和戲劇，經常去看劇或聽音樂會。
習題答案
課文6：живѐт, у́чится, интересу́ется (интересова́лся), око́нчил, стал, рабо́тает, жени́лся, зову́т, учи́лась, рабо́тает, лю́бит, лю́бит, хо́дит, хо́дит 課文8：1)Юра женат три года, но пока у него нет детей
. 2)Никола́й — преподава́тель
университе́та, его́ жена́ — дире́ктор сре́дней шко́лы. 3)Сяо Ван с детства любит спорт, его́ люби́мые ви́ды спорта — футбо́л и пла́вание. 4) Анто́н хо́чет стать врачо́м, по́сле оконча́ния шко́лы он поступи́л в медици́нский институ́т. 5)Приезжа́й ко мне в го́сти, я познакомлю тебя́ с мое́й сестро́й. 6)Когда́ дя́дя око́нчил университе́т, я начал ходить в школу. 7)Они́ ча́сто приглаша́ют друзе́й к себе́ в го́сти, иногда́ то́же хо́дят к друзья́м. В эту субботу они навеща́ли роди́телей. 8)По́сле оконча́ния университе́та она́ устро́илась на рабо́ту в большу́ю торго́вую компа́нию.
語法11：1)виси́т 2)игра́ют 3)была́ 4)ста́нете(ста́ли) 5)на́чал 6)хотя́т(хоте́ли)

J. 本人有法語基礎，應當怎麼學習東方大學俄語第三、四冊

你好，很高興為你解答，
法語和英語都不錯的話，學習俄語應該很容易。
俄語語法需要系統學習，大部分內容需要死記硬背。名詞的性不少和法語相反，所以還是需要死記硬背。
發音需要下功夫。當然，發音有天賦的另說。
俄語發音不如法語清澈，個別音需要反復聽、練。
語法難度的話，如果法語語法OK，俄語語法問題不大。
基礎階段語感好靠語感，天賦一般靠努力，哪種語言學習都沒有捷徑。
希望能幫到你，如果還有不明白的地方，歡迎追問，望採納。