美國大學教育介紹ppt
Ⅰ 在美國讀大學| 授課PPT用iPad做筆記手機拍照NO！
作/林公子
正如 在美國讀大學| 老美教授們最愛用的三種授課形式 中提到的，大多數時候，一門課程中會有多種教學方式結合，教授們也都有自己的教學風格和上課方式。我也聽說過有教授酷到上課什麼也不帶，到教室後盤腿坐在講桌上問大家這節課你們想聽點什麼，一樣可以很受學生歡迎。
如你所知，美國的課堂是很隨意的，上課時大家隨意發言甚至隨意走動，有時候教授忘記下課時間拖堂了，趕時間仿擾的學生會直接提起書包出教室。甚至美國學生在課堂上吃飯也很正常，盡管一備滾旦股子漢堡包飄香，但是吃東西的人還是目不斜視認真聽講啊，想要發表個人看法時也絕不退讓，嚼著三明治就發言了。哈佛MBA班早上八點固定開始上課，很多同學都是一手咖啡一手熱狗走進教室，邊吃邊上課。
但如果你就此認為美國大學里沒什麼課堂紀律那就大錯特錯咯。在美國，基本上所有的教授都會反復聲明不能在課堂上使用任何電子設備（No electronic devices），課堂玩手機？別想了，教授會直接走到你的面前問你用手機在幹嘛，並且重申：No electronic devices in my class.絕對的不留一點情面。
我在國內時習慣用iPad記筆記，平時從來不帶紙質筆記本的。在我第一節Organizational Behavior and Theory專業課上，我很自然地拿著iPad記筆記，沒一會兒六十多歲的白發老教授站在講台上看向我說：那位同學，不要使用電子設備。我環顧四周才意識到是在說我，於是我說：我在記筆記。
教授走到我身邊： No , you can』t use electronic devices in my class。我急了： No , it』s my notebook, I use it to take notes。教授又回我：I won』t interfere your other courses, but this is my class。——我的地盤你得聽我的。
剛到美國的我一下子懵逼了，要知道我已經至少兩年沒有專門用本子記筆記了，要知道在國內有人在課堂上記筆記老師就已經感激學生的用心了——大部分學生都是拿手機拍照得了。
而在美國，用手機拍照？你簡直會被當作外星人——美國人用疑惑的眼神奇怪地看著你：為什麼竟然會有人拿手機拍張照片來當作筆記？說實話， 我上過這么多課，還真沒見過有人拿手機在課堂上拍下老師的筆記的。 很多美國大學包括世界頂尖高校都有明確規定，課堂上禁止用手機拍攝教學內容，連用筆記本電腦來記筆記也不行。而且，所有的教授上課都是黑板手書，你好意思癱坐在椅子里用手機拍個照就了事？
美國教授大多喜歡直接粉筆板書，雖然美國的課堂里現代技術齊全投影儀幻燈機應有盡有，但教授們即使用PPT或者投影、視頻等技術，也只是輔助教學。即使是在斯坦福大學的計算機系，很多學科的教學完全不用電腦，教授們仍然堅持用粉筆板書。為什麼要這么傳統？先進便捷為方便人類而產生的那些技術你們都不會用的嗎？
上面說的那位不讓我用iPad記筆記的教授，我課後就去和他聊天了。我內心滿滿的不忿——用電子設備多好，不用帶那麼多沉甸甸的筆記本，而且存檔之後也不會怕筆記丟失，還方便搜索和定位，想看哪裡點哪裡。你這個老古董自己不願意用先進的電子設備也就算了，我們年青的一代總是要進步的啊雲雲。我想了滿肚子的理由想要去說服老教授，結果他只說一句話： 我尊重我的工作和學生，我用粉筆手寫幫助大家理解教學內容，我希望我的學生也可以用手寫來尊重我的工作。
所以還怎麼好意思備凱用電子筆記？當白發蒼蒼的教授用如此認真而執著的方式表達著他對你作為學生的尊重。
看到過一位教授說為什麼不喜歡用PPT授課，「我不喜歡PPT，因為只有帶著你們一步步推理下來，你們才能學到東西。」
的確，有些學科是需要一定的推理過程的，如果老師只展示事先准備好的PPT，學生就沒有領悟推導過程。如果再不自己動手抄寫，腦子里基本不會留下什麼印象，根本無法掌握好這些學科。有些學科每節課的課堂都是全新的，教授把大家有價值的觀點一條一條寫在黑板上而不是用PPT一條一條地播放出標准答案。
所以 很少有教授 做一個 PPT 一勞永逸地用下去。每一節課寧可用心地寫滿黑板。 美國的很多教室都是上推下拉好幾面大黑板，我這學期有一門數學類的課，發現數學系教學樓里竟然每個教室除了安裝窗戶的那面牆，其它三面都是黑板！
所以怎麼可能不去記筆記甚至拿手機拍拍照敷衍呢？連教授都在勤奮地反復溫習以便能在不依賴 PPT 提示的情況下順暢地講課。
而到現在，我所有的課堂筆記都是手寫，全部A4活頁大筆記本，隨時可以添加完善和修改，我得承認，在紙張上手寫筆記更高效。手寫自己有印象，尤其是我幾門經濟學的課，離不開各類模型和畫圖，自己畫一遍下來也就梳理學習了一遍。而且筆記本記錄修改方便，也能記錄下自己不同階段補充完善的內容，側重點明顯。
曾經酷酷的林公子，在美村也越來越「土」了。可即使是在國內，不管課堂怎麼樣，我也還是屬於上課做筆記的一類人。你呢，還要繼續拍照嗎？
這幾篇文章寫下來，公子發現： 在國內，你想渾渾噩噩混日子太容易了，你想積極配合老師上課做筆記回答老師提問反而需要勇氣，因為一不小心你就會被視為異類；在美國，你想渾渾噩噩混日子那太辛苦了，因為你需要巨大的勇氣和心理承受能力，周圍同學都在積極貢獻自己的智慧，參與到學習當中，想靠混，反而辛苦。
這也就是為什麼常常有留學生難以承受長期的壓力而出現精神問題甚至自殺，很多時候不僅僅是學業壓力大的問題，是有沒有融入北美的學習受教育方式和有沒有跟上節奏的問題。
所以下一篇可能會聊一聊什麼樣的人相對更能適應北美留學生活，什麼樣的人相對不適合出國學習。也有可能繼續聊學習。到時候見。
Ⅱ 申請美國大學時，做的ppt作品集介紹裡面一定要放自己的照片嗎
如果你面若桃花，放一張會有加分，不放也不會減分的。沒有一定之規
Ⅲ 緹庡浗宸ヤ細浠嬬粛
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銆銆1 "Change to Win Federation", online at
銆銆http://www.changetowin.org/index.asp Type=B_BASIC&SEC={44362272-0805-4FFB-8C60-C0C8B76AFAC2}
銆銆(last visited Dec. 10, 2005).
銆銆2 涓婅堪璁茶瘽鍑鴻嚜浣滆呬簬2005騫11鏈16鏃ュ湪璁跨編鏈熼棿涓庡悍濂堝皵澶у﹀叏鐞冨姵宸ョ爺絀墮櫌鐨勪富浠昏タ鎮┞鋒柉濞佸凹搴ц皥鏃
銆銆鐨勮板綍.
銆銆3 鏉庝細嬈:銆婂弽鍏ㄧ悆鍖栬繍鍔ㄤ笌鍔沖伐銆,杞姐婂浗澶栫悊璁哄姩鎬併2001騫寸8鏈,絎12欏.
銆銆鍝佸ぇ閲忚繘鍏ヨタ鏂瑰浗瀹跺競鍦鴻岃悗緙,鍊掗棴,鍦ㄨ繖浜涜屼笟宸ヤ綔鐨勫姵宸ュ伐璧勪笅闄嶇敋鑷沖け涓,
銆銆浠栦滑娌︿負璐告槗鑷鐢卞寲鏀跨瓥鐨勫彈瀹寵.璐告槗鑷鐢卞寲瀵瑰伐涓氬寲鍥藉剁殑灝變笟鍜屼綆鏀跺叆宸ヤ漢
銆銆宸ヨ祫浜х敓涓ラ噸璐熼潰褰卞搷,榪欎竴瑙傜偣琚鏅閬嶈ゅ悓.4
銆銆鎵浠ョ編鍥界殑鍔沖伐緇勭粐鎴愪負鍙嶅叏鐞冨寲鐨勭Н鏋佹敮鎸佽.鉶界劧涓嶅皯涓撳跺﹁呰瘎浠風粡嫻
銆銆鍏ㄧ悆鍖栧圭粡嫻庡彂灞曠殑褰卞搷瀛樺湪"涓ら潰鎬",鏃㈡湁縐鏋佹晥鏋滀篃鏈夎礋闈㈠獎鍝,浣嗗浗闄呭伐浼
銆銆榪愬姩鍖呮嫭緹庡浗鍔沖伐緇勭粐鍗存櫘閬嶈や負,緇忔祹鍏ㄧ悆鍖栧瑰姵宸ョ晫鐨勮礋闈㈠獎鍝嶈繙榪滃ぇ浜庣Н鏋
銆銆鏁堟灉.榪欑嶈礋闈㈠獎鍝嶈〃鐜板湪璁稿氭柟闈,鏈変簺闂棰樹笉浠呭湪鍙戝睍涓鍥藉舵櫘閬嶅瓨鍦,鑰屼笖
銆銆寮濮嬭敁寤跺埌鍙戣揪鍥藉,鎵浠ユ棤璁哄彂杈懼浗瀹惰繕鏄鍙戝睍涓鍥藉剁殑鍔沖伐鏉冪泭閮藉彈鍒頒笉鍚岀▼
銆銆搴︾殑鎹熷.5 緹庡浗銆婂浗闄呭厛椹辮哄潧鎶ャ嬬殑璁拌呭▉寤壜鋒櫘娉曞か鍦1997騫9鏈25鏃ュ彂琛ㄤ簡
銆銆棰樹負"鍏ㄧ悆鍖栫殑鐮村潖鏄鐜板疄鑰屾畫閰風殑"鏂囩珷,璇ユ枃璁や負鍏ㄧ悆鍖栦嬌鍔沖姩鍔涘競鍦轟笘鐣屽寲,
銆銆鐮村潖浜嗗彂杈懼浗瀹剁殑宸ヤ細鍜屽姵宸ユ爣鍑.6 瑗挎柟鍥藉剁殑鍔沖伐緇勭粐涓鑷磋や負,瀹冧滑騫朵笉鍙
銆銆瀵圭粡嫻庣殑鍏ㄧ悆鍙戝睍,鑰屾槸鍙嶅硅法鍥藉叕鍙告帹鍔ㄧ殑緇忔祹鍏ㄧ悆鍖栨墍瀵艱嚧鐨勪袱鏋佸垎鍖,紺句細
銆銆涓嶅叕鍜岀ぞ浼氱暩鍨嬪彂灞,鍥犱負涓婅堪榪欎簺鎯呭喌緇欏伐浜哄強鍏跺跺涵閫犳垚浜嗗▉鑳.浠1999騫寸殑
銆銆瑗塊泤鍥句簨浠,鍒伴瓉鍖楀厠緹庢床鍥藉剁粍緇囬栬剳浼氳,鍝ュ痙鍫℃х洘宄頒細鍜岀儹閭ｄ簹鍏鍥介泦鍥
銆銆宄頒細,鏃ユ湰鍐茬懷鍏鍥介泦鍥㈠嘲浼,鍔犳嬁澶у崱綰崇撼鏂鍩烘柉鍏鍥介泦鍥㈠嘲浼,2002騫村崕鐩涢】
銆銆鍏鍥介泦鍥㈠嘲浼氱瓑,閮戒即闅忕潃"鍙嶅叏鐞冨寲"鐨勫叕浼楁姉璁,榪欎簺鎶楄浠や笘浜烘敞鐩.鑰岃繍鍔
銆銆鐨勪富瑕佸弬涓庤呬腑鍖呮嫭宸ヤ細緇勭粐.
銆銆浜屾槸緹庡浗宸ヤ細緇勭粐鐜囦笅闄嶆墍瀵艱嚧.鍦ㄧ編鍥界殑楂樼戞妧棰嗗煙,鏈嶅姟涓氱粍緇囧伐浜哄弬鍔
銆銆宸ヤ細鍘嗘潵鏈夐毦搴,鐜板湪闅懼害鏇村ぇ.鎵浠ョ編鍥界殑鍔沖伐榪愬姩鍦ㄨ繎騫翠腑闈涓寸潃浼氬憳嫻佸け涓
銆銆閲,宸ヤ細緇勭粐鐜囦綆涓嬬殑鐘跺喌,濡傚叕鍏遍儴闂ㄩ泧鍛樼殑緇勭粐鐜囨湁12%,鑰岀佹湁閮ㄩ棬闆囧憳鐨
銆銆緇勭粐鐜囧彧鍙8%.鍦ㄨ繖縐嶆儏鍐典笅,濡備綍鍒舵㈠伐浼氫細鍛樺噺灝戝強澧炲姞褰卞搷鍔涚殑闂棰樹笂鍔寵仈
銆銆-浜ц仈鍐呴儴鍙戠敓浜嗗垎姝,灝ゅ叾鏄鍏墮嗗間漢鎰忚佷笉涓.鍔寵仈-浜ц仈鍏辨湁1300涓囦細鍛,鍦
銆銆緹庡浗鍒墮犱笟琛伴浠ュ墠(鍦1983騫)浠ュ強鍦ㄧ編鍥藉伐浣滃悜鍥藉栬縼縐諱互鍓,緹庡浗宸ヤ細浼氬憳
銆銆鍗犺亴宸ユ繪暟鐨20%.7鍗¤濺鍙告満宸ヤ細鍜屾湇鍔￠泧鍛樺伐浼氳や負鍔寵仈-浜ц仈宸蹭笉鑳戒唬琛ㄤ粬浠
銆銆鐨勫埄鐩,鑰屼笖涔熶笉鑳介傚簲褰撳墠緇忔祹鍏ㄧ悆鍖栫殑鎸戞垬鍙婄編鍥藉姵宸ヨ繍鍔ㄧ殑鍙樺寲.浠栦滑瑕佹眰
銆銆緹庡浗宸ヤ細榪愬姩搴旀妸綺懼姏闆嗕腑鍦ㄧ粍緇囧伐浜哄強鍚堝苟灝忓伐浼氬洟浣撲笂,騫舵寚璐ｅ姵鑱-浜ц仈鎬婚儴
銆銆寮鏀澶澶,鍦ㄦ斂娌繪父璇存柟闈㈡姇鏀捐祫婧愯繃澶,鍙嶅規妸澶ч噺浼氳垂嫻璐瑰湪娓歌存斂瀹㈠拰闆囦富
銆銆涓.鐢變簬鍙屾柟鐨勫垎姝ч毦浠ュ譏鍚,鏈嶅姟闆囧憳宸ヤ細鍙婂崱杞﹀徃鏈哄伐浼氱瓑7瀹跺伐浼氭渶緇堜笌鍔寵仈
銆銆-浜ц仈鍒嗛亾鎵闀.
銆銆榪欐″垎瑁傚悗浠嶇暀鍦ㄥ姵鑱-浜ц仈閲岀殑,涓昏佹槸鍒墮犱笟宸ヤ漢鍜屽叕鐢ㄤ簨涓氬伐浜,鑰屽垎
銆銆瑁傚嚭鍘葷殑澶氭槸姘戣惀鏈嶅姟涓氳亴宸.鍔寵仈-浜ц仈鐨勮繖嬈″垎瑁備嬌鍏惰挋鍙椾簡涓嬈￠噸澶ф墦鍑,涔
銆銆鍑忓皯浜嗚ュ伐浼氬規皯涓誨厷鐨勫獎鍝嶅姏.
銆銆浜,"鍙橀潻璋嬭儨鍒"
銆銆灝辯洰鍓嶆潵鐪,浠庡姵鑱-浜ц仈鍒嗚傚嚭鏉ョ殑"鍙橀潻璋嬭儨鍒"灝嗗伐浣滈噸蹇冩斁鍦ㄤ互涓嬫柟
銆銆闈:
銆銆灝嗗湪鍚屼竴琛屼笟涓宸ヤ綔鐨勫伐浜轟滑鑱斿悎璧鋒潵.
銆銆鍦ㄥ叏琛屼笟,甯傚満鎴栧窞鐨勮寖鍥村唴鎻愰珮鍚閲戝拰紱忓埄鏍囧噯.
銆銆4 Ajit K. Ghose, "Trade Liberalization, Employment and Global Inequality," International Labour Review, Vol. 139,
銆銆No. 3 (2000), p.281.
銆銆5 銆婂瑰弽'鍏ㄧ悆鍖'嫻娼鐨勬濊冦,online at http://www.newhorizonmedia.net/detailstory.php iid=15&ot=disc (last
銆銆visited Jan.31, 2005).
銆銆6 International Herald Tribune,September 25, 1997.
銆銆7 "涓らㄥ共鍥浣撴ｅ紡鑴辯誨姵鑱斾駭鑱 涓冨ぇ宸ヤ細鑱旀墜鍙︾珛闂ㄦ埛",online at
銆銆http://www.chinapressusa.com/meiguo/200507260042.htm (last visited Dec.16, 2005).
銆銆涓庣ぞ鍖哄洟浣,瀹㈡埛鍜岀棶鎮ｇ粨鎴愭柊鐨勮仈鐩.
銆銆涓庡叾浠栧浗瀹剁殑鐩稿悓琛屼笟,閫氬父涓虹浉鍚屽叏鐞冩у叕鍙哥殑宸ヤ漢緇撴垚浼欎即鍏崇郴.
銆銆閽堝規垜浠鎵鏈夊眰嬈′細鍛樼殑澶氭牱鎬ц繘琛岀浉搴斾慨鏀.
銆銆"鍙橀潻璋嬭儨鍒"浠嶅皢涓庡姵鑱-浜ц仈鍏卞悓宸ヤ綔,浠ヤ究瀵繪眰涓庡叾涓嬪睘鏈烘瀯涓璧炲悓"鍙
銆銆闈╄皨鑳滃埄"鍘熷垯鐨勫伐浼氱粨鎴愪紮浼村叧緋.
銆銆"鍙橀潻璋嬭儨鍒"鐨勬垚鍛樺瑰叾鏈鏉ョ殑鍙戝睍鍏呮弧浜嗕俊蹇,浣滆呮浘鍦11鏈13鏃-24
銆銆鏃ュ嚭璁跨編鍥,璁跨編鏈熼棿浜17-18鏃ュ弬鍔犱簡"鍙橀潻璋嬭儨鍒"鍦ㄦ媺鏂緇村姞鏂鍙寮鐨勪竴嬈
銆銆鍏ㄥ浗浠ｈ〃澶т細.澶т細鐨勪腑蹇冭棰樻槸"鎵╁ぇ鎴戜滑鐨勫獎鍝",騫跺湪浼氳鐨勫ｄ紶鍐屽瓙涓婂嵃涓
銆銆浜"'鍙橀潻璋嬭儨鍒'鏄緹庡浗宸ヤ漢鐨勬柊甯屾湜,姊︽兂鎴愮湡"鐨勫彛鍙.
銆銆闅跺睘浜"鍙橀潻璋嬭儨鍒"鐨勬湇鍔￠泧鍛樺伐浼氬師鏉ュ氨灞炰簬鍔寵仈-浜ц仈涓瀹炲姏杈冨己鐨勫伐浼
銆銆緇勭粐.鐢變簬浜屾垬鍚庣編鍥芥湇鍔′笟鐨勫叴璧,浠栦滑浠ｈ〃鐫宸ヤ細鏂板叴鐨勫姏閲,鎵浠ヤ富寮犳妸浼
銆銆璐圭敤浜庢嫑鍕熸柊浼氬憳.榪戝勾鏉ユ湇鍔￠泧鍛樺伐浼氶噰鍙栦簡縐嶇嶆帾鏂芥潵鍙戝睍鑷宸辯殑鍔涢噺,濡傞噸
銆銆瑙嗗湪縐繪皯宸ヤ漢涓鍙戝睍鏂頒細鍛,鍒跺畾浜嗘瘡騫村彂灞曚細鍛樼殑鐩鏍,鍦ㄥ伐浼氶嗗煎眰涓璁炬湁涓
銆銆闂ㄨ礋璐ｅ彂灞曟柊浼氬憳鐨勫伐浣,鍦ㄤ笓鑱岀殑宸ヤ細宸ヤ綔浜哄憳涓璁炬湁緇勭粐鍛(organizers)鏉ュ彂
銆銆灞曟柊浼氬憳絳,緇忚繃鍚勬柟鐨勫姫鍔,鍏朵細鍛樹漢鏁頒笉鏂澧炲姞,宸ヤ細澶勪簬鍙戝睍鐘舵,璺熷姵鑱
銆銆-浜ц仈鍗婁笘綰浠ユ潵鎴愬憳涓嬮檷鐨勮秼鍔跨浉鍙,鎵浠ユ湇鍔￠泧鍛樺伐浼氱殑褰卞搷鍔涜嚜鐒朵細澧炲姞.
銆銆浣嗙敱浜庡姵鑱-浜ц仈榪囨椂鐨勬斂絳,鏈嶅姟闆囧憳宸ヤ細寮濮嬫彁鍑哄叏鐞冪粍寤虹殑鎴樼暐.鍦ㄨ繃鍘
銆銆涓騫村崐鐨勬椂闂撮噷,鏈嶅姟闆囧憳宸ヤ細璁塊棶浜嗕竴浜涘浗瀹剁殑宸ヤ細,濡備腑鍥,闊╁浗,鏃ユ湰,宸
銆銆瑗,婢沖ぇ鍒╀簹,闃挎牴寤風瓑,鐩鐨勬槸璁ㄨ哄湪緇忔祹鍏ㄧ悆鍖栫殑鑳屾櫙涓嬪叏鐞冨伐浼氭墍闈涓寸殑闂
銆銆棰,浠ュ繪眰鍏ㄧ悆鍚勫浗宸ヤ細闂寸殑浼欎即鍏崇郴騫跺簲瀵瑰叏鐞冭祫鏈鐨勬寫鎴.姝ゅ,鏈嶅姟闆囧憳宸
銆銆浼氶氳繃縐嶇嶅姫鍔涗嬌璇ュ伐浼氬湪緹庡浗鎴愪負鍙戝睍鏈蹇鐨勫伐浼氱粍緇,鑷1996騫翠互鏉,鏈夊皢榪
銆銆90涓囧伐浜哄姞鍏ヤ簡鏈嶅姟闆囧憳宸ヤ細.鐩鍓,瀹冨湪緹庡浗,鍔犳嬁澶у拰娉㈠氶粠鍚勬嫢鏈180涓囧伐
銆銆浜哄拰12涓囬浼戜漢鍛,鍏辨湁300澶氬跺湴鏂瑰垎鏀鏈烘瀯鍜25涓宸炵悊浜嬩細.鍏朵細鍛樹富瑕佹潵
銆銆鑷浠ヤ笅棰嗗煙:淇濆仴鍏蟲鈥斺斿尰闄,鎶ょ悊闄,璇婃墍鍜屽跺涵鎶ょ悊宸ヤ綔浜哄憳;鍏鍏辨満鏋勯泧
銆銆鍛樷斺旇仈閭,宸,鍘,甯傜駭瀛︽牎闆囧憳;鎴誇駭鏈嶅姟鈥斺斿煎滀漢,淇濆畨浜哄憳,鐪嬮棬浜,
銆銆鍦熷湴瑙勫垝鍛.鏈嶅姟闆囧憳宸ヤ細鐨勪細鍛樺叿鏈夊箍娉涗唬琛ㄦ,鍏朵細鍛樺ぇ澶氭暟鏄濂蟲,綰︽湁20%
銆銆鐨勪細鍛樹負闈炴床瑁旂編鍥戒漢.鏈嶅姟闆囧憳宸ヤ細鎵浠ｈ〃鐨勭Щ姘戝姵宸ョ殑姣斾緥楂樹簬緹庡浗鍏朵粬鐨勫伐
銆銆浼氱粍緇.
銆銆"鍙橀潻璋嬭儨鍒"姝ｅ勫湪鍒涘緩涓涓鑳芥浛浠ｅ姵鑱-浜ц仈鐨勮仈鍚堜細鐨勫垵鏈熼樁孌.緹庡浗鍔
銆銆鑱-浜ц仈鐨勫垎瑁傝〃鏄庣編鍥藉伐浼氭ｅ勫湪涓涓鍙橀潻鐨勫嶮瀛楄礬鍙,鏄緇х畫宸ヤ細鏃х殑鎴樼暐,榪
銆銆鏄鍍忔湇鍔￠泧鍛樺伐浼氶偅鏍峰仛鍑烘敼闈,浠ラ傚簲緇忔祹鍏ㄧ悆鍖栫殑鎸戞垬,榪欑『瀹炴槸鎽嗗湪緹庡浗宸
銆銆浼氶潰鍓嶇殑涓涓閫夋嫨.
銆銆(浣滆呭崟浣/涓鍥藉姵鍔ㄥ叧緋誨﹂櫌)
銆銆銆婁笂嫻峰伐榪愩2006騫寸2鏈
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銆銆緹庡浗宸ヤ細鐨勪腑鍥藉惎紺
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銆銆2007-1-24 4:17:50 鈻犺儭婀
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Ⅳ 在美國羅德島設計學院就讀是怎樣一番體驗
羅德島設計學院是享譽全球的知名設計院校之一，建築專業是美國羅德島設計學院優勢專業。科系有建築Architecture、平面設計Graphic Design、插畫Illustration等。有計劃申請羅德島設計學院的建築系的學生，不要錯過美國羅德島設計學院建築系申請攻略哦。
Ⅳ 誰能幫我用英文介紹美國200分！！！
The United States of America, usually referred to as the United States, the USA, the U.S. or America, is a constitutional federal republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with more than 300 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the proct of large-scale immigration from many countries.[7] The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic proct (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 25% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 20% by purchasing power parity).[4][8]
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they jointly issued the Declaration of Independence, which officially declared their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union as a new nation. The rebellion was organized by the Continental Congress and succeeded in defeating Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence.[9] After briefly being governed by the Articles of Confederation it became clear that a more powerful central government was needed. It was formed after a constitutional convention and the current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments that guaranteed many fundamental civil rights and freedoms under the new government, was ratified in 1791.
In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and instrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. However, the Jim Crow laws passed after reconstruction allowed racism and inequality to persist.
The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. In the post–Cold War era, the United States is the only remaining superpower—accounting for approximately 50% of global military spending—and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world.
History
Main article: History of the United States
Native Americans and European settlers
Main articles: Native Americans in the United States, European colonization of the Americas, and Thirteen Colonies
The indigenous peoples of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska Natives, are thought to have migrated from Asia. They began arriving at least 12,000 and as many as 40,000 years ago.[26] Several indigenous communities in the pre-Columbian era developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous population. In the years that followed, the majority of the indigenous American peoples were killed by epidemics of Eurasian diseases.[27]
The Mayflower transported Pilgrims to the New World in 1620, as depicted in William Halsall's The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor, 1882On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. Of the colonies Spain established in the region, only St. Augustine, founded in 1565, remains. Later Spanish settlements in the present-day southwestern United States drew thousands through Mexico. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans. Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, an estimated 50,000 convicts were shipped to England's, and later Great Britain's, American colonies.[28] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch established settlements along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. The small settlement of New Sweden, founded along the Delaware River in 1638, was taken over by the Dutch in 1655.
By 1674, English forces had won the former Dutch colonies in the Anglo–Dutch Wars; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.[29] By the turn of the century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had active local and colonial governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self government that stimulated support for republicanism. All had legalized the African slave trade. With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonies doubled in population every twenty-five years. The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. By 1770, those thirteen colonies had an increasingly Anglicized population of three million, approximately half that of Britain. Though subject to British taxation, they were given no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.
History
Main article: History of the United States
Native Americans and European settlers
Main articles: Native Americans in the United States, European colonization of the Americas, and Thirteen Colonies
The indigenous peoples of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska Natives, are thought to have migrated from Asia. They began arriving at least 12,000 and as many as 40,000 years ago.[26] Several indigenous communities in the pre-Columbian era developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous population. In the years that followed, the majority of the indigenous American peoples were killed by epidemics of Eurasian diseases.[27]
The Mayflower transported Pilgrims to the New World in 1620, as depicted in William Halsall's The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor, 1882On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. Of the colonies Spain established in the region, only St. Augustine, founded in 1565, remains. Later Spanish settlements in the present-day southwestern United States drew thousands through Mexico. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans. Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, an estimated 50,000 convicts were shipped to England's, and later Great Britain's, American colonies.[28] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch established settlements along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. The small settlement of New Sweden, founded along the Delaware River in 1638, was taken over by the Dutch in 1655.
By 1674, English forces had won the former Dutch colonies in the Anglo–Dutch Wars; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.[29] By the turn of the century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had active local and colonial governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self government that stimulated support for republicanism. All had legalized the African slave trade. With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonies doubled in population every twenty-five years. The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. By 1770, those thirteen colonies had an increasingly Anglicized population of three million, approximately half that of Britain. Though subject to British taxation, they were given no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.
Food
Main article: Cuisine of the United States
American cultural icons: apple pie, baseball, and the American flagMainstream American culinary arts are similar to those in other Western countries. Wheat is the primary cereal grain. Traditional American cuisine uses ingredients such as turkey, white-tailed deer venison, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup, indigenous foods employed by Native Americans and early European settlers. Slow-cooked pork and beef barbecue, crab cakes, potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies are distinctively American styles. Soul food, developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many African Americans elsewhere. Syncretic cuisines such as Louisiana creole, Cajun, and Tex-Mex are regionally important. Characteristic dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants. French fries, Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed.[218] Americans generally prefer coffee to tea. Marketing by U.S. instries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk ubiquitous breakfast beverages.[219] During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans' caloric intake rose 24%;[218] frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what health officials call the American "obesity epidemic." Highly sweetened soft drinks are widely popular; sugared beverages account for 9% of the average American's caloric intake