美国大学英语写作答案
❶ 09年12月英语四级答案详解
2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解
Part Ⅰ Writing
审题谋篇
本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”,这是一个看似简单普通的话题,写起来却不是那么容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握,考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提示2,可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景,也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护,而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素养,以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念的基础上,考生还应对 “绿色校园”的重要性进行剖析,这时,考生可以从多个角度组织素材,比如从校园的环境问题出发,进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多,得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段,大概十句话,基本的分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句,中间段五句或四句,做到结构清楚,重点突出,就可以了。
参考范文
Creating a Green Campus
Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.
The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in people’s mind. Campus plays a crucial role in ecating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely proce a profound effect on students’ various environmental protection activities after their graation. What’s more, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve.
To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people’s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to rece the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.
建设绿色校园
近来,随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点,“绿色校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。
“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境,还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用,“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。更为重要的是,年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染,有太多问题等待他们去解决。
为使“绿色校园”成为现实,首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次,还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是,有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。
范文点评
范文以“绿色校园”开篇,保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山,强调当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段,着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义,指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化,还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识,把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来,说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法,分一、二、三点进行论述,无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整,首尾呼应,用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑,思想表达成熟有深度。
【生动的用词】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可持续的;recyclable可循环的。
【丰富的短语】bring benefit to带来利益;play a crucial role in发挥关键作用;under the burden of在……重负下;come true实现;call for要求。
【多变的句式】
范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换,能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用,从而获得高分。
避错指导
本次作文在题材上,虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题,但与社会背景有很大关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点,在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”,同时也是一个社会热点话题,这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时,切忌拖泥带水,应直截了当,使阅卷老师对文章主题一目了然。
除正确审题之外,考生还应注意语言的准确运用,不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时,考生应对句子结构全面掌握,避免句式错误造成扣分。
最后,应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表:
正确拼写 词性及词义 错误的拼写
focus n. 焦点 focuse
effect n. 影响 effection /affect
environment n. 环境 envirment/invironment
burden n. 负担 burdon
solve v. 解决 slove
serious a. 严肃的 serous
true a. 真的 ture
society n. 社会 soceity
theory n. 理论 thery
总之,考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整,恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟,无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。
能力拓展
【同义词转换】
作文表达除了准确,还要做到句式多变,词汇灵活多样。
1. realize → be aware of 意识到
We’d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。
2. keep → preserve 保持
It is necessary to ecate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment. 有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。
3. lead → conct 引导
This will help conct the activities of the college students. 这有助于引导大学生的行为。
【话题备考锦囊】
6. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. “绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。
7. The construction of “a green campus” will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities. 建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。
8. To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. 为全面实施“绿色校园”,必须采取有效措施。
9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental health as well. 校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要,而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。
10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫无疑问,对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。
【话题词汇拓展】
devastation n. 毁坏 disastrous a. 损失惨重的
doom v. 厄运,毁灭 existence n. 存在,生活
healthful a. 健康的 messy a. 肮脏的,凌乱的
participation n. 分享,参与 preserve v. 保存,保护
preventive a. 预防性的 purify v. 澄清,净化
stimulation n. 激励,鼓舞 arouse consciousness 唤起意识
命题风向标
本次作文难度适中,与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高分,除了审题恰当独到,还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达:green campus和environmental-friendly campus;“绿色校园的构建”可以使用create,build up,establish和construct等,以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。
从关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放,再到绿色校园构建,四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多地立足真题,总结规律,切实提高自己语言能力,始终是四级作文备考的根本。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
篇章结构
核心词汇
1. aid n. ①帮助,援助 ②助手v. 帮助,援助
【用】financial aid经济援助;merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金;need-based aid助学金或经济资助;foreign aid外援,对外援助;hearing aid助听器;aids and appliances用具,设备【搭】in aid to用来帮助,起……作用;lead one’s aid (to)援助,给予帮助;in aid of作为援助……之用【拓】aidance n. 协助,帮助;aidant a. 帮助的;aided a. 辅助的
2. project v. ①设计 ②发射n. 事业,计划,工程
【用】Project Hope希望工程;project manager项目经理;project plan项目规划;project budget项目预算,工程预算【拓】projection n. 突出,发射;projecting a. 突出的
3. selective a. 选择性的
4. 【用】selective analysis重点分析;selective breeding选择育种,选择性繁殖 【拓】select v. 挑选,选拔a. 精选的;selection n. 选择,挑选,选集
5. package n. 包裹;套装软件,程序包a. 一揽子的
【用】package design包装设计;package agreement一揽子安排,一揽子方案;package holiday(旅行社安排一切的)一揽子旅游;package tour包办旅行(路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游);package program组装程序【拓】pack n.包装,背包v. 包装,压紧;packaged a. 袋装的;packager n. 打包机
6. ranking a. 头等的;n. 等级,地位
【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等级法,排序法
【拓】rank n. 等级;队列;v. 排列,列队
7. grant v. ①授予 ②承认;n. ①授予物 ②拨款
【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】take…for granted认为……是理所当然; Granted/Granting that即使……(也)【拓】grants n. 补助金,津贴(grant的复数)
8. enrol v. 登记,入学,参军,注册
【搭】enrol in选课,参加【拓】enrollment n. 登记,入伍;enrollee n. 入学者,入伍者
9. eliminate v. 消除,排除
【用】eliminate illiteracy扫盲;eliminate poverty消除贫困;eliminate noise 消除噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进入者从中排除;exclude v. 指把想进入者拒之门外
10. qualify v. 使具有资格,证明……合格【用】qualifying examination资格考试,初试;qualifying competition预选赛,资格赛 【搭】qualify as 取得……资格,作为……合适;qualify for有……的资格,合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的,合格的
11. excel v. 胜过,优于,擅长n. [计算机] 软件名称
【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人;to excel in music 擅长音乐
【拓】 excellent a. 极好的,卓越的;excellence n. 优秀,长处
12. submit v. 使服从,提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守纪律;submit registration提交登记表,提交注册【搭】submit to 服从;submit…to 将……呈交给【拓】 submission n. 服从,投降
试题详解
1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育,一些学院__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是more and more,low-income students和pursuing higher ecation。由此即可定位到原文第二段,全文的主旨段。
【篇章分析】原文第二段指出:“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和题干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher ecation意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。
2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do,由此定位到原文第三段。
【篇章分析】原文第三段指出:“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and rece the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题目中的D项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and rece the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同,所以答案为D。
3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是__。
C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose,由此可定位到原文第七段。
【篇章分析】原文第七段指出:“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”,和答案C中的attract意思相似,所以答案为C。
4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽相信__。
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton,由此可定位到原文第十段。
【篇章分析】原文第十段指出:“to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”原文与D项it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同,所以答案为D。
5. 【原题译文】近年来,奖学金的增长比助学金快得多,是因为__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-based aid和increased,由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。
【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出:“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了……,力求……”。enroll top students in the state’s public institutions符合原题意思,所以答案为B
6. 【原题译文】依大卫•莱尔德来看,许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?
A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是David Laird,attitude,private colleges和merit aid,由此即可定位到原文第十四段。
【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出:“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to rece their merit aid”。原文和答案A项They would like to see it reced意思一致,所以答案为A。
7. 【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?
C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。
【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出:“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C选项中的rely on意思相同,所以答案为C。
8. qualified
【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annual renewal,academic,merit scholarships和recipient,由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出:“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。 这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费,只要他们继续符合条件,每年都可以继续享受。原文中的each year在本题中被换成了annual,原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal,原文中的continue被转换成了remain,所以本题应该填形容词qualified。
9. recognizes
【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和a coach or a referee,由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段:“Recommendation for this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐,因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动,而a coach or a referee是第三人称单数,所以本题应该填的答案是recognizes。
10. excellence
【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants,artistic merit scholarships,proce evidence和show,由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段指出:“Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area”。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的in a given artistic field和题目中的in a particular artistic field同义,题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语,即一个名词,而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性,需要变成名词形式,所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。
全文精译
大学重新审视奖学金的价值
许多大学给予学生经济资助时,最重要的依据仍然是学生良好的评估等级和较高的试卷分数。
但是在未来几年里,预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校正在重新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。
例如,华盛顿特区的乔治•华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金,减少奖学金得主数,而将节省下来的大约250万美元用于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前也做出了类似的决定。
纽约克林顿市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主失去奖学金,助学金制度将从2008年秋天入学的学生开始实行。
并不是所有的大学都提供奖学金;一般来说,淘汰率越高的学校,越不太可能提供奖学金。例如,哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金,但是许多不符合助学条件的家庭为了上名牌大学不管付多少钱都愿意。
对于规模较小的地方性学院来说,他们只是努力填满空缺,奖学金只是财政收入的重要来源,因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费,而正是这些学费维持大学的运转。
但是对于有排名意识的学校,奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一种主要工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪•波美说,“他们试图购买学生”。
研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向,即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖学金仍能支付得起学费。
“展望未来,更迫切需要的助学金投资”,汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽说。汉密尔顿大学已提供10年的奖学金。在这段时间里,在《美国新闻和世界报导》对最好的文学院的排名中,它从第25名上升到第17名。
奖学金每年帮助了大约75名学生,或大约4%的学生,花费大约为一年1百万美元,“奖学金给我们带来了好处”,英泽说,但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的做法对不需要经济援助的家庭来说,似乎不妥。”
助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式,包括国家助学金、联邦助学金和机构助学金。但是,从总体上和大学层面上来看,主要由学校和州提供的奖学金增长速度很快。
一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德•海勒主持的研究报告表明,在1995-96和2003-04年之间,仅就大学的奖学金而言,增加了212%,而助学金增加了47%。至少有15个州也提供奖学金,通常是为了在公立大学中招收优等生。
但是近年来,越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最近的决策可能是“一种迹象,表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”,波美说。波美与他人合作,共同发表了一份《大学报告》,对于大学资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。
明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫•莱尔德认为,很多私立学校想减少奖学金,但害怕这样做,会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。
“没有人可以采取单方面行动,”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免,以使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。“这是一个跑得很快的旋转木马,没有大学相信他们能承受摆脱木马束缚的风险。”
一个复杂因素就是,奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎,结果许多家庭都依靠它。并且,随着学费不断增加,奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。
这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。
“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行奖励的效用,好学生很重视奖学金”, 阿勒格尼大学负责招生的副校长斯科特•弗利达霍夫说。
位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有47亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今年,该大学宣布将取消特困生贷款,同时对中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额,但它将扩大其已有28年历史的奖学金项目。
“是的,我们在玩奖学金游戏,”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤姆兰•卡斯特承认。但这也有它的优势,他说,“事实上,这不仅仅关系到低收入人群,它还关系到无缘问津助学金、普通的美国中产阶级家庭。”
* 关于奖学金制度的几点补充
奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生提供的资助,通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。
学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数,平均成绩和学术表现为基础。它们通常是专门为学,
太多了 超过了贴不了了 我邮箱是[email protected]你发封邮件给我我发给你吧
❷ 美国大学的Essay作业难度如何
这个问题太过笼统,首先作业难度要看学校,举个极端的例子,哈佛大学和社区大学的作业相比肯定哈佛的作业要难上很多;其次要看专业,商科和生化类以及计算机科学类的作业又是不一样的难度;最后就要看你本身的英语和专业上的水平如何,优秀的学生觉得简单,但是对于学习一般的可能就觉得难了。
❸ 美国大学申请essay书写指南
现如今,很多学生选择去美国读大学,那么文书材料的准备也很关键,其中有一项留学申请essay,想必大家还不是很了解。下面随我一起来看看以下的内容。
首先来看看essay的书写步骤。
1. 早作准备
这不是一般的家庭作业或学校项目,而有可能是你人生的转折点。一份得体的essay能帮你进入著名学府并改变你的生活。
早做准备指的是,你需要在学校申请截止日前至少三个月开始写essay。只有这样你才有机会更改主题,修改essay,反复阅读,让别人进行评价和精心选择每一个单词。
对于那些申请了多家大学的学生,有些大学可能需要补充essay,这需要你花费大量的时间。此外,全世界很多高中高年级学生都会被各种压力所压垮,包括毕业考试,所以早早准备essay会让你具备优势。
2.多打几次草稿,多尝试几个主题
大多数成功的申请人都是打好几个草稿然后选出最喜欢的那份蔽伏和。这个道理相当于在从事一件工作时,例如一项新的体育项目,要求你投入大量练习时间,直到你进步到足以开始比赛。
写essay同样如此。对于大多数外国学生,这是他们第一次严肃地写一篇文章,更别说用外语写了。开头几个草稿将非常困难,你要坚持写下去,直到你的essay完美无瑕。
记住,每份草稿不一定都要围绕同一个主题。如果某个主题比较好的话,你可以围绕它准备两三份essay,或者必要时更换主题。
3.寻找一个你信赖的人校对每一份essay
这能让你发现你的essay里可能的错误。强烈建议你找一个在英语写作方面非常有经验的人来帮你完成这项工作,并且—最重要的是—真心愿意帮你的人。
校对者必须是对于申请过程了解十分深入的人,例如美国大学学生或者现役或前任大学招生官,或者是有多年英语写作经验的教育工作者。
一旦他们指出有些东西你需要修改,无论是关于essay的内容还是主题的,你需要立即修改或重写。如果得到了他们的肯定,那么你就可以提交了。
4. 阅读成厅敏功的essay范例
这并不是鼓励你直接把别人的点子拿过来。但是,阅读成功申请人的essay可以让你了解大学招生官需要的信息是什么。
小A在开始她的个人陈述之前,为找不到能给招生官留下深刻印象的东西感动非常苦恼。当她通过谷歌读到一些成功进入常春藤大学的学生写的essay时–她了解到这些学生主要是基于非常简单的个人趣事展示出了自己独特的性格。
之后小A选择了一个简单而又意义的主题:照顾她卧病在床的父亲。小A的essay非常感人,几位招生负责人甚至手写了回信表扬她并邀请她进入华盛顿与李大学。
5. 遵从故事的结构
作为作者,你要记住,高质量的essay建立在一般性的故事结构上,诸如情节的发展、高潮和结局。
大学申请essay当然不需要像动作电影那样,但也必须使读者经历好奇、惊叹和满足三个阶段。此外,还需要保证读者被牢牢吸引而不被一些不重要的细节或繁冗内容分心。
最好的办法是,把可能让整个故事显得混沌的句子或场景去掉。记住,每个招生官都要看海量的essay,所以你的故事如果引人入胜,那你就能脱颖而出。
接着来看看书写技巧都有哪些。
言简意赅,避免啰啰嗦嗦。
每一个句子都应该精简到只保留它的基本部分。任何冗余或者不能增加新意的词语都应该删除。当你把文章精简并删掉不必要的词和短语时,文章的质量就得到了提高。要知道,招生委员会在审核期间,要短时间内面对宏盯那么多essay,他是没有时间来看啰啰嗦嗦,没有主次的文章的。
表述要精确。
任何时候都要尽可能详尽而又具体。细节能让你的作品更具真实性。对于要表述的内容,想要表达的思想要精确的表达出来,感染到读者,让读者信服,从而体现文章的真实性。
主题要明确。
申请的时候,学校给出的essay题目都是有很强的针对性的,所以,在撰写essay之前一定要想清楚这个题目的隐含意义,了解学校想通过这篇文章考察你什么。然后在动笔,这样写出来的文章才有针对性,而不会偏离目标。有的时候题目显得很简单,但是事实上这类题目是最不好写的,因为简单的一句话让人很难摸清楚他们的出题思路和意图,对这类的题目反而要更加注意。
各篇essay之间要相辅相成。
一般来讲,每所学校会要求3-5篇essay,每篇essay考察的目的是不同的,因此,在动笔之前要想好写作的思路和结构。在一篇文章中已体现的重点就不要在另一篇文章中出现,否则几篇文章写下来却只反映了一个特点,很多优势没有展示出来,这样,录取委员会就不会看到一个完整优异的你,从而不能决定是否录取你。
保持同一风格和语调。
在开始动笔之前,你就要决定好采用怎样的风格和语调,并在整篇短文中一以贯之。如果你在短文开头部分的语调是轻松和幽默的,就不要突然在短文中间转变为忧郁或者严厉的语调。如果你打算把自己的短文写成是个人日记风格的,就不要突然开始向局外的读者吹嘘自己。
多修改。
无论是本科还是商学院对essay一般都有字数上的限制,如此多的内容要归纳到那么少的文字中,如何能把每句话都说到点子上,让每个字都发挥其作用还是有一定难度的。当一篇文章写好之后,一定要回头仔细阅读,认真推敲每个句子,同时也可以给自己的朋友和家人看,让他们也多提提意见。一篇好的文章是需要反复多次修改才能“完美”呈现出来的。
最后给大家带来一篇范文赏析。
Cornell—Pose a question that you wish that we had asked you and answer it. Heather posed the question: Tell about an activity that is particularly meaningful to you.
Yale—Please write an essay about an activity or interest that has been particularly meaningful to you.
Early on a June afternoon, I stood in the arena at Willows Farm. I was about to take my very first horse-riding lesson. I was excited, yet incredibly fearful at the same time. I&apos&aposd never actually ridden a horse by myself. Being led around on one of ponies at the fair didn&apos&apost count. I tried talking to myself. "What did/have to fear? After all, it certainly looked easy." I waited white one of the older girls finished in the arena. I&apos&aposd never seen such a big horse, and each time as they went around, the horse looked bigger and bigger.
When my lesson was finally ready to start, Aggie, my teacher, brought out a small pony named Kissy. She was so cute and little, I breathed a sigh of reli. I was convinced that I could handle the situation. "No problem," I thought, "I&apos&aposll be off to the races in no time."
That lesson began with the basics. First I had to learn to put on the bridle and saddle. Then I had to learn to get on and off. That proved to be a challenge, but by the time the lesson finished, I was allowed to "ride" Kissy by walking around in a circle a few times. Sitting there looking down, I knew I was As John Irving once said, "There is something in bestriding a fine horse that makes a man (or woman) feel more than mortal".
Little did my parents know that one lesson would turn into an obsession. I spent all day out at the bam. I&apos&aposd probably have stayed the night if my parents had allowed it. I did everything that I could do to learn - I cleaned stalls, walked horses, brushed horses, and fed some twice just to spend a few extra minutes out there. Over the next two years I attended local horse camps and watched others to see if they knew something that I could apply to my riding.
Eventually,I outgrew Kissy and my first trainer. The next step was to move up with the more advanced riders and to Sherry, the next trainer at the barn. Most of the more advanced
:rs owned their own horses. Switching trainers was the easy part. Convincing my parents buy me a horse proved to be slightly more difficult.
Aggie talked to them and told them how much I wanted a horse. Sherry talked to them, and told them how much I needed a horse. Nothing seemed to work. Over the dinner table, the conversation kept coming back to how much money was involved in buying and keeping a horse, but I didn&apos&apost give up. I kept asking. "A horse" was first on my Christmas list, first on my birthday list, and everything in between.
In the spring, a cute little quarter horse named Cat came into the barn. He was there to be sold, hopully to someone in the barn. He was a good mover and seemed to have a sweet personality. The first time I saw him. I bonded. I had to have this horse. There was just one small problem, my parents were still saying no. Aggie seemed to want me to have a horse as much as I wanted it. She even offered to cut my parents a deal on the board. Every time my mother came to pick me up. I was brushing, walking, or doing something for Cal. I&apos&aposd ask her to hold and talk to him for a few minutes while I got "something ready" bore I put him away. I could feel my mother melting. Finally one evening I heard the wonderful words. My parents agreed to purchase Cal. I had my very own horse. I was thrilled, and went to work with a brush and comb to make him look as good as he made me feel.
As much as I thought differently, I wasn&apos&apost quite prepared for the enormous responsibility of actually owning a horse. There was feeding, grooming, daily exercise, and stall cleaning to worry about. Becoming a good hunter-jumper meant spending long hours out at the barn. Getting good grades in school meant putting in long hours for homework. I had to learn to balance both. To get it all done, it was mandatory that I become organized and learn to focus on what I was doing in order to make the most of my time spent.
Riding has also presented a means of learning other valuable lessons. Foremost has been accepting responsibility. Owning Cal has meant that I&apos&aposve had the care of a living, breathing animal that depended on me. I couldn&apos&apost take a day off, even if I felt that I had something better to do. Dedication to the sport of riding has also been a learned skill. After the hardest fall or a bad day when nothing seemed to go right, I sometimes wanted to quit right on the spot. That was when I had to get myself back on track and do it again until I got it right. Those same lessons have carried over to school. If I&apos&aposve gotten less than u perfect grade on something or have found something difficult to understand. I&apos&aposve learned that I can&apos&apost just throw in the towel or blame it on the teacher. My ecation has become my responsibility, and I have had to go back and try twice as hard to prove to myself that I can do if.
In my ten years of riding and competing, I have never grown tired of it. I still have my little horse. We have competed and won at many horse shows, and we&apos&aposve grown to love and trust each other. My trainer often rerred to him as my best friend, and I&apos&aposve come to think of him that way too. Sometimes it is fun to lie in bed at night and look at the ribbons hanging on my wall. I know that every day that passes now brings me closer to the "someday" when it will come to an end. When it does,I will have the memories of the great times I&apos&aposve had and the lessons that I&apos&aposve learned, but most of all. I will have the memory of a little horse with a big heart named Cal.
❹ 2010.12 英语六级答案
2010年12月大学英语六级考试答案
快速阅读答案:
1-10ABDADBB take risks have families military service
Part Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
1.A not be sustained in the long term
解析:关键字1994对应第一段第三行,题干中unsustainable即选项A中sustained的反义表达方式。选择A。
2.B Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.
解析:从书名定位到原文第二段,heading for the rock, the cleaner, 都暗示了两代人之间的问题,最后的warfare则一目了然地指出了该矛盾。
3.D politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election
解析:首先需要理解题目意图,即为何养老机制改革迟迟不能进行,然后定位到文章第四段,其实只要从段落中politician这一关键字就能选定D选项。
4.A allow people to work longer
解析:从题干中the most effective method找到第五段第三句原话,直接选择A选项。
5.D younger workers are readily available
解析:题目中employer为关键字,找到第六段,该段看似没有直接提到为什么雇主不愿意雇佣old workers,但从其不断分析新涌现出来的劳动力替代者,可以总结的出D选项,即年轻劳动力的供给已足以满足企业需求。
6.B large numbers of immigrants from overseas
解析:这道题间接考察了学生变换思维的能力,Japan在文中一时难以找到,但其所代表的发达国家群体developed countries却出现在了第七段,而该段恰恰揭示了发达国家靠移民劳动力寻求养老机制危机一时的缓解的举措。
7.B They find it hard to balance career and family.
解析:compromise关键字找到第九段,关键字出现的句子前一句就是B选项。
8.take risks
解析:题目中old societies关键字对应到倒数第六段第三行,题目中的less inclined正好与原文中的more strongly disinclined形成对照,所以答案只需摘录之后的原文即可,即take risks
9.have families
解析:题目中关键字intergenerational warfare对应到原文倒数第五段。第二句直接对第一句做出了解释,摘录即可。
10.military service
解析:要理解题目中less willing to 的含义,即不情愿,这样定位到倒数第三段第一句的reluctant, commit sth. to sth. ,空格内需要填写名词,参照原文,即military service.
Part Ⅲ
Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. What can we infer from the conversation?
【答案】D The man is the manager of the apartment building
【解析】从对话中看出男士在找apartment building,不是女士。因此选D。
12. What is the woman eager to know?
【答案】B How the pictures will turn out.
【解析】女士想知道的是if the shots I took are as good as I thought. 照片是不是和她想的异样好。这里shots指照片。turn out指照片拍出来的效果。因此选B。
13. What does the man mean?
【答案】C The suitcase can be fixed in time.
【解析】男士说到find a handle后面提到 but that shouldn’t take too long说明不是没有handle可以匹配。因此排除A,B。
14. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
【答案】B He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.
【解析】男士说到truck需要operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures,因此选择选项B。very cold temperatures对应harsh weather.
15. What do we learn about the woman?
【答案】A She has made up her mind to resign.
【解析】从文中女士强硬的口气I could no longer live with…可以看出她下定决心。因此选择A。
16. What does the women want to do?
【答案】D Replace the shirt with one of some other material.
【解析】女士首先提到exchange the shirt,后面又解释了原因allergic to wool,从男士的回答也可以看出换成别的材质。因此选择D。
17. Where does this conversation most probably take place?
【答案】D At a “Lost and Found”
【解析】男士首先问Did anyone happen to turn in a new handbag?,女士又问了他handbag的详细信息,可见是在失物招领处,选D。
18. What does the man plan to do with his old house?
【答案】C Convert in into a hotel
【解析】but后面是真正意图: turning it into a guest house。guest house 意为宾馆,因此选C。
19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?
【答案】D Careful plotting and clueing.
【解析】对话中提到it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued,对应D选项。
20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?
【答案】D To be entirely alone.
【解析】对话中can’t even bare anybody else, be completely alone都说明该作家需要独立的写作空间,因此选择D。
21. What does the man say about writers?
【答案】C They look at the world in a detached manner.
【解析】关键词detachment 分离。作家提到作者的经历和写作。虽然说道some experiences overwhelm everyone, 但是后面的but暗示了答案,stand aside、detachment都对应了C选项。
22. What does the woman say about British railways?
【答案】B Like it or not, you have to use them.
【解析】在对话一开始,女士就提到了There’s only one railway system, if you don't like a particular railway, you can’t go and use another. 因为只有一条铁路,即使不喜欢,也只能乘坐,换句话说不论喜欢与否都得用它。因此选择B。
23. What do some people who write to the man complain about?
【答案】D The monopoly of British Railways.
【解析】对话中谈及monopoly,铁路垄断,因此选D。其他选项均未涉及。
24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?
【答案】B Competition from other modes of transport.
【解析】对话中modes of transport are all around对应选项B。
25. What does the man say about railways in other countries?
【答案】D They lose a lot of money.
【解析】男士以德、法两国铁路为例,每年铁路都有大量亏损。因此选择D。而B选项中disappearing仅仅是美国的情况。
文章解析:
本文是一篇地理科学类文章,有点难度,关键是对一些专有名词的把握。文章开始先指出全球变暖带来最主要的威胁是极地冰盖的融化,并给出了相应的事实和数据加以证明。接着更多例子表明南极洲的冰盖在过去的130万年间至少坍塌过一次。相关高等学府的学者和科学家也相继用实验证明南极洲西部曾是一片汪洋。最后引用Herman Engle heart的话,再次提醒我们,西南极洲大冰原很可能再次融化消失。
其实按常理来说,如果听力文章比较有难度的话,题目的难度相对应会降低。所以大家在遇到此类题型时不必惊慌。提取关键信息、边听边记笔记,运用好背景知识等就能把题目做出来。平时也要注意扩大阅读范围,增长见识。关于环境保护和全球变暖之类的文章屡见不鲜,要求考生在这方面要引起足够的重视。
【难点词汇】
West Antarctic ice sheet西南极洲大冰原 ice shelf 冰架 anchored 固定的
fossil 化石 microscopic marine plants 海洋微生物 geological 地质的
26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?
【解析】C) Many coastal cities will be covered with water.
细节题。本题不难,从听力开头即可听到 “raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded” 所以选C选项。
27. What do scientists disagree on?
【解析】B) How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.
细节题。本题不难。注意关键句 “but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is” 即可得出答案。
28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?
【解析】A)It collapsed at least once ring the past 1.3 million years.
细节题。注意提取关键信息 “new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once ring the past 1.3 million years” 所以选A选项。
29. What the scientists’ latest findings suggest?
【解析】A) The West Antarctic region was once a open ocean.
细节题。听力最后的例子说明了这一点“which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice”, 而其他选项都不是最新的发现。
Passage Two
30 B)Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.
【解析】听力一开始作者就建议我们尝试删除自己上传的照片“Take a photo and upload it to Facebook, then after a day or so, note what the URL link to the picture is and then delete it.”,由此可知应该选B。
31 B) The way they store data.
【解析】“Why do "deleted" photos stick around so long? The problem relates to the way data is stored on large websites”,从这句话可知图片之所以不能立即删除跟它们存储的方式有关。
32 C) When the URL is reused.
【解析】“In the case of Facebook, the company says data may hang around until the URL in question is reused”,从这句话可知只有URL被再次用到才会被删除。
Passage Three
33. A
解析:第一段原文可以找到对应句子,即some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.
34. B
解析:第一段原文中有对应语句,即Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards.
35. C
解析:在此句中,“The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented…”,关键词prevented可以得知答案为C选项。
Section C
36. diverse
37. tragic
38. commit
39. outcome
40. scale
41. colleagues
42. accurate
43. averages
45. Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,
46. went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right.
47. Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.
Part Ⅳ
Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
47.
答案:feminine and weak
解析:文中提到…because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. 要填在to be后面就应该转化成形容词形式。
48.
答案:lose composure
解析:文中提到may lead to a loss of composure。要用在主语后面就要把loss变成动词lose。
49.
答案:stress-related disorders
解析:文中提到can contribute to stress-related disorder。
50.
答案:their relationship with partners
解析:文中提到…report lower relationship satisfaction as do their female partners.故这里要重新组合转换表达形式。
51.
答案:aggressive
解析:文中提到…into physically aggression or violence,而此处在become后就要用aggression的形容词形式。
52) A solve virtually existing all problems
细节题。抓住时间点“In the early 2oth century” 我们从第一句 “offer solutions to almost every problem” 便可知道答案。选择A选项。
53) D They realized that science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.
推论题。 我们首先比较容易排除A和C项。B项具有迷惑性,关键是看“the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic study”这个选项仔细看就会发现说得太绝对了,社会的问题主要是靠人文主义的研究?显然不是很恰当。我们从下面那句也可以推断出选D比较恰当。 “Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world.”
54) C America is lagging behind in the STEMS disciplines.
细节题。主要在第二段里找答案。从段落后两句“There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines.” 我们可以推断出是选C选项。 A和D选项比较容易排除。不选B选项,因为文章中 “India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.” seem to 表明这几个国家只是有种趋势,但还没有have overtaken。
55) A Insufficient funding.
细节题。我们在第三段里可以找到答案。 从“…are seriously underfunded…” “Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members…” 这些信息中,可以很快知道是A选项。
56) C Humanistic thinking helps cultivate and define our culture and values.
细节题。本题不难。作者为什么如此着重人文主义的研究,其他三项都是非常具体的,且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最后这一句 “But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values.” 及作者的语气可以更加确定是C选项。
第二篇:
57. D. It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.
解 析:这道题针对开头两节。A和C答案比较容易排除,A说爱因斯坦把数学推到了一个极限,C说在将来的两百年都不会有物理学家超过爱因斯坦,这两个都明显不 合文章大意。B答案说需要一个爱因斯坦才能建立一种大一统理论,属于过度推理,并且细节性太强了。D答案是正确答案,很多同学不敢选D的原因是,因为有些 科学家们认为爱因斯坦或许还没有诞生或许还是个小婴儿,他们认为这样一来就有可能爱因斯坦已经存在了。但是这句话里面的爱因斯坦是代表伟大的科学家的意 思,那么这个题目选择D就是正确的,大家都同意的是像爱因斯坦那样伟大的科学家还需要一定的时间才会出现。
58. B. His independent and abstract thinking
解析:B他独立与抽象思维能力。这一段是文章中间部分的内容概括。根据上下文意思推断,爱因斯坦成功的原因,不能说是他在音乐方面的天分,也不能说他的努力或者他在数学方面的深厚基础,因此答案选择B。
59. D. They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.
解析:正确答案选择D。这段文章是在问今天的物理学家们的情况, A说他们缺乏分析能力,B说他们擅长处理实际问题,C说他们重视发表文章,都是从根据文章细节中捏造出来的错误选项。D是对于文章内容的一个总结概括,数量众多的物理学家进入了更有经济利益的领域。
60. D. Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.
解析:正确答案选择D。结合Greene讲的话,他说What an idea!还说是需要把头往墙上撞的人才会相信能找到个解决方案呢!说明内容实在是比较荒诞。
61. B. was little known in academic circles
解 析:正确答案选择B,说的是爱因斯坦在学术圈里面默默无闻,跟原文里面的“by a virtual unknown”相对应。有迷惑性的选择项是D,因为文中提到了爱因斯坦的文章没有配上脚注和注释footnote and citations.但是D选择项是说,爱因斯坦不懂得论文的格式,这个属于过度推理了。
Part Ⅴ
Cloze
62 B set out set out plans表示制定计划
63 D abandoning abandon 放弃,once unshakeable orthodoxy表示曾经不可动摇的做法,也就是现在要放弃了。
64 A with struggle with表示同…斗争,介词搭配,这里表示设法应对广告收入和报纸销售量下降的局面。
65 B intends intend to表示打算…,从后面的at the beginning of 2011,可知还没有这么做,只是计划或者打算这么做。
66 A exceeded 超过,是说当用户每月阅读文章超过一定量时就要收费。
67 A on 和side搭配,on the side of …表示拥护…;站在…一边。
68 D charge 本词在文章中多次出现,charge sb表示向某人收费。
69 C such as 表示举例,从后面举London's Evening Standard作为例子,可知应该选such as.
70 B free 前面提到abandon readership revenue,即放弃读者收益,由此可知应该是make print editions free.
71 C acknowledged 表示承认,这里表示Arthur Sulzberger承认这么做是一种赌博。
72 C bet 打赌,赌注,从前面的gamble可知应该选bet。
73 C circulation 发行量,从后面的数量可知应该选circulation。
74 A behind NYT排名第三,即排在the Wall Street Journal and USA Today后面。
75 B While在这里表示对比,从上下文可知NYT与美国其他报纸不同。
76 D claim 声称,宣称,这里是说NYT声称自己是全国范围的报纸。
77 C maintains 维持,运营,即NYT还在世界其他地方运营着26个办公室。
78 A like 从下文可知NYT和印刷行业的其他公司一样,也受到金融危机的影响,所以选like,表示同…一样。
79 D serious 严重的,考察形容词与名词的搭配,从下文的数据可知遭受严重经济损失。
80 C suffered 遭受,suffer a loss遭受损失,常见搭配。
81 D loan 贷款,前文提到公司损失了很多钱,所以需要从别处借钱来补充资金。
翻译答案:
82. There is no denying that you ___________(越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter.
解析:can never be too careful / can not be too careful
【考点解释】本题考查“越仔细越好”“再…也不为过”的固定搭配,即can never be too/can not be too + adj.
【原句精释】无可否认,处理这件事,越仔细越好。
83. Only when I reached my thirties __________________________ (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的)
解析:did I realize that reading cannot be neglected
did I realize that reading is unignorable
【考点解释】本题考查由only when 引起的局部倒装。当only when置于句首,主句用局部倒装,即将助动词置于主语前面。only when引导句子时态为过去时(reached),为保持时态一致,主句助动词用did;注意被动语态的使用,reading与neglect为被动关系。同时也可以使用be+adj的结构。
【原句精释】直到三十岁,我才意识不能忽视读书。
84. Much ___________________ (使研究人员感到惊讶),the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.
解析:to the researchers’ surprise
【考点解释】本题考查固定搭配 to one’s surprise 使…惊讶的是…
【原句精释】让研究人员大为惊讶的是,实验结果比他们的预计好得多。
85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; __________________________(我一定是把它放在哪儿了)。
解析:I must have left / put it somewhere.
【考点解释】本题考查对过去事情的肯定的猜测,即must have+过去分词,leave与put都有放置的意思,但leave强调遗忘在…,较之put,leave更贴合题意。
【原句精释】天啊,我找不到钥匙。我一定是把它放在哪儿了。
86.I ________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)than go to the beach for a holiday.
解析:would rather join you as a volunteer
【考点解释】考查结构“宁愿…也不愿…”, 因题干中已存在“than go”的结构,只能使用 “would rather do rather than do”。加入… join sb
【原句精释】我宁愿加入你们去做义工,也不愿到海边去度假
